You may have heard the terms classical physics and modern physics. It’s quite easy to guess just from their names that classical physics refer to “older” parts of physics discovered by the giants of science such as Sir Issac Newton, while modern physics discuss the, well, newer parts of the field. The biggest difference between the two fields, outside of the obvious, is that while classical physics focus heavily on macroscopic, everyday objects and their behaviors, modern physics tends to explore the microscopic, or cosmic scale events. A well known example for classical physics could be the concept of gravity – we observe it every day, and it affects objects and brings off easily observable size. On the other hand, modern physics concepts include theory of relativity, or quantum mechanics. Atoms, time, and light are indeed not as easily observed or comprehended as an apple that falls from a tree. Another crucial difference comes from the degree of predictability and rigidness. Most concepts dealt with in classic physics rely heavily on the idea of determinism, that a specific cause will produce an exact effect, consistently. If I drop my phone on the street, it will hit the pavement without a doubt. Concepts from modern physics are different – many of them are based on probabilities, often producing unpredictable results. The famous butterfly effect is an example of this. While instant or short term effects of a non linear system are generally predictable, it is entirely impossible to predict exact long term effects. The results of an event are not always concrete, and may defy our previous understanding of ideas, concepts, and beings.